Analgesia and anti-inflammatory properties of ibuprofen is carried out through other means, namely working as COX inhibitors. Therefore we also investigated the potential of succinic acid as a COX inhibitor by measuring prostaglandin release from macrophages.
Ibuprofen displayed strong inhibition of PGE2 synthesis, and paracetamol caused a weak but significant inhibition across the concentration range tested, which is consistent with previous findings regarding these drugs [ 23 ]. In our hands hydrocortisone did not inhibit PGE2 release, which is inconsistent with previous research regarding the effects of glucocorticoids on prostaglandin synthesis [ 22 ].
Succinic acid did not cause any consistent reduction in PGE2 release, and thereby cannot replicate the effects of other analgesics on either inflammatory cytokines or other common inflammatory molecules.
To summarise, the current research demonstrated that the purchased amber teething necklaces are genuine Baltic amber, and do contain succinic acid. However, succinic acid could not feasibly be released from intact beads in order to be absorbed through the skin, nor would succinic acid carry out anti-inflammatory effects via the inflammatory mediators tested here even if it was absorbed.
The testing undertaken here is not exhaustive, and further study could consider other cell types, such as dendritic cells, which may be more receptive to succinic acid stimulation [ 41 ] than the macrophages used herein. Further study could also consider whether other relevant bioactive chemicals could leach out of amber beads and be absorbed through the skin. However, based on these results, we can find no evidence to suggest that the succinic acid component of Baltic amber is likely to provide any anti-inflammatory effects that could be useful in treating teething symptoms.
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Succinic acid, a metabolic by-product of Bacteroides species, inhibits polymorphonuclear leukocyte function. Infect Immun. Cortisol modulates the induction of inflammatory gene expression in a rainbow trout macrophage cell line.
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Clin Exp Rheumatol. Acetaminophen decreases intracellular glutathione levels and modulates cytokine production in human alveolar macrophages and type II pneumocytes in vitro. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. Of course, some cases of wear and tear are unavoidable, especially if using the jewelry on a toddler. The necklace may require a replacement if it has much build-up from every day wear, and the look cannot get clean.
For adults, even though the necklace may experience regular wear, an Amber necklace or bracelet should last a long time. In the US, it is a requirement for products with small parts to label them 36 months or older.
Sellers have to abide by these regulations, and therefore, by the time you are purchasing any amber products, they all exceed 36 months.
The necklaces are designed with safety measures, and every bead is knotted between such that if one comes out, the others will not start to fall off. Other benefits that are put in Amber for safety are the design of amber size which is small to prevent the baby from choking.
Also, in case the toddler swallows the bead, it is natural and non-toxic. The skin releases succinic acid to the body, which, after it is absorbed into the skin, works naturally like Ibuprofen by reducing inflammation and blocking pain. Amber market is growing and in the process has attracted imposters selling counterfeit products to mothers unaware. Good amber should come from a Baltic region as they record higher rates of succinic acid than any other place. So, when purchasing, make sure you are getting from a reputable dealer to get the right product for your baby.
Phonelic Resins — This type is designed with artificial amber beads. Celluloid — You may confuse it with original amber, but it is a counterfeit. Casein — This is a plastic-type designed from milk. Pressed Amber — This type of amber is subjected under high pressure, which in the process compresses natural pieces making the succinic acid in them less effective. Amber is an ancient resin, the older the amber the more concentrated the succinic acid. If you are not familiar with how amber teething jewelry can help ease the pain associated with teething, do not feel bad, because most people have no idea too.
When amber is warmed by the skin it releases succinic acid; a natural acid found in amber, the succinic acid works as a natural anti-inflammatory. The acid is slowly absorbed into the skin, then into the blood stream and transported by the blood throughout the body to reduce inflammation and easing the discomfort of teething.
The traditional beaded amber necklaces from the Baltic region are a less intrusive remedy for the pain and side effects of teething. A natural analgesic, amber will help calm a baby without resorting to drugs. Amber necklaces are made for wearing, not for chewing! We recommend the following:. The effects from the amber jewelry can begin working within hours. However as each child is different it can take up to weeks for others.
In addition, the bigger the body and the extent of the problem, the longer it can take to see a difference. Just like taking a food supplement, you will not feel an immediate effect. Baltic amber can help other conditions too including:.
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